How to find out the unique elements in a vector
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Say there are 100 students being graded
# Prepare some sample grades.
> grades = round(rnorm(100,mean=3.5,sd=0.5),1)
> grades
[1] 4.0 4.2 2.9 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 4.2 3.6 3.2 4.0 3.8 2.8 4.2
[15] 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.1 4.2 3.5 2.8 3.5 4.2 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.4
[29] 3.9 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.2 3.5 2.7 3.5 3.1 3.3
[43] 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.7 2.9 2.6 3.8 4.1 3.1 3.7 4.1 3.7 2.4
[57] 3.6 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.1 4.0 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.2
[71] 3.4 3.3 2.3 3.5 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.7 4.3 2.7 3.7 4.5 3.2 3.3
[85] 3.3 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.8 3.1 4.4 2.7 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.2
[99] 3.7 4.2
and you want to find out how many unique grades there are.
UNIQUE () function
> unique(grades)
[1] 4.0 4.2 2.9 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.8 2.8 4.1 3.4 3.1 3.0 3.9 3.3 2.7
[16] 4.7 2.6 3.7 2.4 2.3 4.3 4.5 2.5 4.4
TABLE () function
> table(grades)
grades
2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7
1 2 1 1 3 3 3 2 5 9 9 5 12 4 6 9 2 5 5 9 1 1 1 1